As emergency veterinarians, one of the most challenging diagnoses we deliver is Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). It’s a painful and potentially debilitating neurological condition that affects the spine, but with awareness, early intervention, and proper care, many dogs can recover and go on to live happy, active lives.
Let’s dive into what IVDD is, which breeds are most at risk, how to spot the signs, and what treatment options are available.
What Is IVDD?
IVDD stands for Intervertebral Disc Disease, a condition that impacts the cushioning discs between the vertebrae in a dog’s spine. Much like in humans, these discs serve as shock absorbers, allowing the spine to bend and move freely without damage.
In dogs with IVDD, these discs can degenerate, leading to bulging (herniation) or rupture. When a disc presses against the spinal cord, it creates pressure that can cause anything from mild pain to severe nerve damage or even paralysis.
This disease tends to progress over time but can present suddenly, often after jumping, running, or even just during everyday activities.
Breeds at Risk
Certain breeds are genetically predisposed to IVDD, particularly those with long backs and short legs. Commonly affected breeds include:
- Dachshunds (by far the most frequently diagnosed)
- Beagles
- French Bulldogs
- Cocker Spaniels
- Basset Hounds
- Shih Tzus
These dogs are more vulnerable due to a condition called chondrodystrophy, which affects cartilage and spinal disc development. However, IVDD can occur in any breed, particularly as dogs age.
IVDD Symptoms
Symptoms of IVDD can vary widely based on the location and severity of the disc damage. Some dogs may exhibit just one or two signs, while others show multiple. Common symptoms include:
- Limping or stiffness
- Shaking or signs of pain when touched
- Anxiety or restlessness
- Reluctance to jump or climb stairs
- Clumsiness or loss of coordination
- Dragging of hind limbs
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
- Complete or partial paralysis
If you notice any of these signs, it’s critical to contact an emergency veterinary clinic right away or your veterinarian. Time is a major factor in recovery.
IVDD Treatment for Dogs
The good news is that many cases of IVDD can be managed effectively with prompt treatment. The course of action depends on the severity:
- Mild to moderate cases often respond well to conservative treatment, which includes crate rest, anti-inflammatory medications, pain management, and sometimes physical therapy.
- Severe cases involving paralysis or extreme pain may require surgical intervention to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. Surgery is typically performed by a veterinary neurologist and often has a good success rate, especially when done early.
In all cases, strict rest and careful monitoring are essential. Dogs recovering from IVDD need time and a calm environment to heal properly. Physical therapy, hydrotherapy, and laser therapy can also significantly improve outcomes.
When IVDD Progresses Too Far
In some cases, despite treatment, the disease can progress to the point where a dog’s quality of life is deeply affected. This is one of the most difficult moments any pet owner faces. As veterinarians, we work closely with families to assess pain levels, mobility, and overall happiness, and to understand euthanasia and all available options with empathy and care.
But even then, there’s still hope.
Take Action Early
If you suspect your dog may be at risk for IVDD, early action is the most powerful tool you have. Learn the signs, act quickly, and work closely with your veterinary team. With patience, care, and love, many dogs not only recover but thrive.
IVDD isn’t the end; it’s just a different path. And with the right support, your dog can still lead a full and joyful life.