As veterinarians, we have seen many pets come through our doors with a variety of ailments, some of which can be prevented with the right care and awareness. One of the most concerning situations is finding foreign bodies in pets, which can cause blockages, tears, or even life-threatening conditions if not treated quickly. In this blog, we’ll explain what foreign bodies in pets are, the signs to look for if you suspect your pet has ingested one, how we diagnose these cases, and provide insight into six common foreign bodies that can harm your pet.
What Are Foreign Bodies in Pets?
Foreign bodies in Pets are any object or material that is not naturally found in your pet’s body but is ingested or introduced into it. These objects often become lodged in the stomach, intestines, or esophagus, where they can cause obstructions, infections, or tissue damage. While many pets have a tendency to chew or swallow things they shouldn’t, some foreign bodies are more dangerous than others.
Signs of Foreign Bodies in Pets
Pets, especially dogs and cats, often have a tendency to explore the world with their mouths. However, they can get into things that are harmful. Here are the most common signs of foreign bodies in pets:
- Vomiting and/or Diarrhea: Frequent vomiting, especially if it seems unproductive or without relief, is a telltale sign. Similarly, diarrhea, particularly if it’s sudden or mixed with blood, may point to a blockage or irritation in the digestive system.
- Loss of Appetite: A pet who suddenly stops eating, especially if they seem to be in pain, may have an obstruction or irritation in their gastrointestinal tract.
- Abdominal Pain or Swelling: If your pet is uncomfortable or showing signs of pain (whining, licking the belly, or a hunched posture), it could be a sign of a blockage or injury caused by a foreign body.
- Lethargy or Behavioral Changes: A sudden decrease in energy or changes in your pet’s behavior, such as becoming more withdrawn or restless, can indicate discomfort or distress.
- Increased Salivation: Drooling more than usual may be a sign of nausea or a foreign body stuck in the throat or mouth.
- Coughing or Gagging: If the object is lodged in the esophagus or airway, you may notice your pet gagging or coughing frequently.
If you observe any of these signs, it’s important to take your pet to the vet right away. Early intervention is key to preventing further complications.
Diagnosing a Foreign Body Obstruction
Diagnosing a foreign body obstruction often starts with a thorough history and physical exam. The veterinarian will ask you questions about your pet’s behavior, what they may have ingested, and any symptoms you’ve noticed. We typically use a combination of diagnostic tools to confirm our suspicions:
- X-rays: This is the most common method for diagnosing foreign bodies in pets. X-rays can show the location, size, and type of foreign body in the stomach or intestines. However, not all foreign bodies (especially those that are soft or don’t show up clearly on X-rays) are visible.
- Ultrasound: If the X-rays are inconclusive, an ultrasound may help us visualize the internal organs and find any foreign material.
- Endoscopy: In some cases, we might use a flexible camera (endoscope) to look inside the stomach or intestines. This allows us to locate and sometimes retrieve the foreign object without surgery.
- Surgical Exploration: If all else fails, or if the foreign body is causing severe complications, we may need to perform surgery to remove it.
Common Foreign Bodies in Pets and How to Prevent Them
- Bones
Many pet owners give their dogs bones as a treat, but these can splinter and cause blockages or lacerations in the digestive tract. Even “safe” bones can cause problems.
How to prevent: Avoid giving cooked bones, which are more likely to splinter. Opt for safer alternatives like rubber or nylon chew toys. - Corncobs
Corncobs are commonly ingested by dogs, especially those who have access to leftover corn on the cob. The cob can cause a blockage in the intestines, often requiring surgical intervention.
How to prevent: Keep corncobs out of reach, especially after meals. Dispose of them properly in a place your dog can’t access. - Socks and Underwear
Dogs, especially puppies, have a tendency to chew on socks and underwear. These items can be easily swallowed, leading to serious blockages.
How to prevent: Keep laundry baskets securely closed and train your pet to avoid these items. If your pet tends to chew, consider providing appropriate chew toys. - Hair Ties
Hair ties are small and stretchy, making them easy for pets to swallow, particularly cats and dogs. Once ingested, they can become lodged in the stomach or intestines, leading to obstructions.
How to prevent: Store hair ties out of reach and always clean up after grooming sessions. Make sure your pet has alternatives to chew on that are safe. - Toys (Rope Toys, Small Balls, Rawhides)
While toys are designed for fun, some can be dangerous. Rope toys can fray and be ingested, small balls can get stuck in the throat, and rawhides can be swallowed in large pieces.
How to prevent: Choose appropriately sized toys for your pet and monitor them during playtime. Avoid rawhides, or use them under supervision. - Sanitary Items
Sanitary pads, tampons, and other personal hygiene products are often found by curious pets. These items can cause obstructions, particularly in smaller dogs and cats.
How to prevent: Keep sanitary items in secure bins and dispose of them promptly. Make sure your pet doesn’t have access to trash cans.
Foreign body ingestion is a common but preventable issue in pets. By being aware of the common foreign bodies and taking steps to keep these items out of your pet’s reach, you can help ensure their safety. If you ever suspect your pet has ingested something harmful, don’t hesitate to contact your veterinarian. Early diagnosis and treatment can make all the difference in your pet’s recovery.
As always, remember that keeping a close eye on your pet’s behavior, providing safe toys, and maintaining a pet-proof environment can help prevent many of these issues. Let’s keep our furry friends safe and healthy!